我们都知道,疫情之后人们的出行方式发生了极大的改变,电动自行车也乘着这股浪潮飞速的发展起来,本该欣欣向荣的发展,但现在因为疫情的限制物流经常停滞,所以自行车供应链也变得混乱。

前期海外对电动自行车的消费热潮让生产销售方认为这个市场前景一片大好,但因为疫情,物流的延误扰乱了自行车供应链,并且海运和卡车运输的成本过高,厂家订单交货时间也越来越长。

而且原始设备制造商和大多数主要零部件品牌很早就明确表示,当需求可能在新产能上线之前冷却时,他们不会通过对新工厂扩建进行长期投资。
为了不受物流限制他们开始囤积,供应链两端都出现了囤积现象,一些原始设备制造商囤积零部件库存,一些零售商囤积配件和自行车库存。准时制生产转向了即时制库存管理系统,零售商和品牌商开始尽可能多地订购材料,还要为此支付不断增长的产品和物流成本。

从历史数据来看,到 2021 年自行车业务的库存与销售比率看起来还算平衡,但随着消费者需求的下降,2022 年前两个季度的增长异常迅速。 由于供应链的不确定性,品牌、自行车商店以及全线体育用品零售商一直在建立库存。突然间,消费者的需求下降了,自行车商店贸易渠道的库存需要比以往更多的费用,但销售商预期的需求上涨并没有一直持续,也忽视了消费者的支出转变,以及商品价格上涨对消费者的影响。

随着今年第一季度库存的增加,库存进一步失衡,由于零部件短缺和延误,大量消费者需要的青少年和 BMX 自行车,以及供不应求的中型和中型女子铁人三项和公路自行车都无法交货,仓库确却积压了大量消费者不需要的货品。

下图是纽约联储的全球供应链压力指数,它汇集了有关货运成本、积压和运输延误的数据,并剔除需求,反映了供应限制带来的通胀压力。

品牌及其 OEM 了解美国成品库存与供应链息息相关,但为了不影响在供应商中的地位,他们的采购并没有明显放缓。然后欧洲,Eurobike 的准备工作已经表现出他们受到了供应链的影响,而且顶级零部件的交货时间仍要到 2022 年底和 2023 年初。

不过欧洲大陆的自行车市场比美国更强劲,电动自行车占各个国家/地区市场份额的 20% 到 50%,远高于 2021 年美国 4% 的电动自行车份额。
而且在2021 年,4280 万 7 岁及以上的美国人骑自行车的时间都在 6 天及以上。相较于2020年自行车骑行人数下降了 0.47%。

前段时间BRAIN 报道过 The Bike Cooperative、SmartEtailing 和 NBDA 的联合夏季促销活动 “三大行业组织已宣布一项专注于支持零售商夏季营销促销和社区外展的合作活动。这种合作伙伴关系是同类中的第一次,核心表明这些组织致力于支持和加强独立自行车零售商。不仅为零售商提供直接到家邮寄的特别优惠,还为所有 SmartEtailing 零售商提供免费的相关网页主页图形”

自行车商店贸易渠道的促进和合作,一定程度上能抵抗不断变化的供应链形势所带来的挑战,由于到岸成本增加,自行车的价格让消费者难以承受,商家的促销活动或许能一定程度上缓解库存压力,但想要解决这个问题还是先解决疫情吧。
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