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首页 › 电动车 › 电动自行车 › 一篇文章读懂欧盟电动自行车反倾销调查

一篇文章读懂欧盟电动自行车反倾销调查

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6年前电动自行车阅读 6,002

近日,欧盟针对电动自行车行业进行反倾销调查的消息引起行业震动。有数据显示,2016年全年中国向欧盟出口了约43万辆电动自行车,2017年全年则有希望突破80万辆。对于中国电动自行车制造企业来说,欧盟的反倾销调查意味着什么?

 

事件回顾

9月8日,欧洲自行车制造协会(European Bicycle Manu-factures Association,简称“EBMA”)提交了针对中国出口电动自行车的反倾销调查申请,理由是中国出口的电动自行车接受了中国政府的补贴,造成其以极低的价格在欧盟出售,损害了欧盟内生产厂家的利益。涉及的产品主要有3种类型:电动城市自行车,电动越野自行车以及电动山地自行车。

10月20日,欧盟开始对中国的生产商是否以低于成本的价格在欧盟28个成员国内销售电动自行车进行调查。

11月9日,中国商务部在例会上对此事件进行回应,对欧委会在调查中使用“替代国”做法表示反对,欧盟抽取的中国涉案企业已经根据调查程序向欧委会提交了应诉和抽样答卷。

可能造成的影响

由于欧盟委员会选择瑞士作为“替代国”,在调查中将会有很大可能认定中国生产商存在倾销行为。

若以瑞士为标准,那么这个样本实际上并不符合实际情况。瑞士的人力成本居于世界前列,产业相对单一,生产原料需要从其他国家进口;而中国人力成本低,产业链完整,材料来源不依赖进口。基于以上原因,生产同样的电动自行车在瑞士的生产成本必然要高于中国。中国生产的电动自行车价格低于瑞士标准加上出口数量较大,很有可能被裁定为倾销行为。

而一旦被认定存在倾销行为,欧盟对于中国生产的电动自行车必然要征收高额的反倾销税。

“这是欧方利用政策的一次市场大洗牌。”11月9日,电动自行车生产商金华卓远实业有限公司总经理项灿说,一旦调查成立,将给来自中国的电动自行车以毁灭性打击。

对中国生产的电动自行车征收高额税金的结果很可能就是把整车进口变成了零件进口,市场价格提高,欧洲的电动车组装企业由此获取高额利润,消费者利益会因此受损,而中国电动车生产企业被迫压缩利润、提高价格,甚至是放弃欧洲市场。

“替代国”是什么?

替代国制度(AnalogueCountrySystem),指针对来自于非市场经济体的商品,在确定其正常价值时,不使用其出口国商品的实际成本,而选择一个市场经济第三国或进口国的同类相似商品价格,作为计算正常价值的方法,所被采用的市场经济国家通常称为“替代国”。

按照《中国加入世界贸易组织议定书》(以下简称《议定书》)中的第15条,在2016年12月11日后,WTO成员应停止对中国使用“替代国”反倾销调查措施,并以中国企业所上报的价格和成本为基础,定夺倾销幅度。

而欧盟与美国不承认中国的市场经济地位,在反倾销调查中依旧使用这个制度。而在这次的电动自行车反倾销调查中,欧盟委员会将欧盟成员国瑞士作为“替代国”,调查中国生产的电动自行车是否存在倾销行为。

欧盟反倾销调查流程及形式是怎样的?

首先由欧盟某个行业提交反倾销调查正式书面申请,同时提交证明倾销行为、损害以及两者因果关系的证据。

接收申请后,欧盟委员会在接收申请45天内决定是否发起反倾销调查。

正式确定调查后,欧委会向所有厂商发出倾销调查问卷,并且向欧盟生产商发出损害评估调查问卷。最后根据调查结果给予市场经济地位或分别裁决待遇并确定相应的税率。欧委会通常在启动调查后60-9个月内作出初裁,但也可不做初裁,直接进入终裁。

在向利害关系方披露最终事实并且通过咨询委员会同成员国磋商之后,即编制第二份工作文件,其形成欧委会的最终提议。这将会决定五年内对此项商品征收的税率。

政府回应

在商务部11月9日上午召开的例行发布会上,新闻发言人高峰称,据了解,中国涉案的企业已经根据调查的程序向欧委会提交了应诉和抽样的答卷。中国机电产品进出口商会已经代表中国电动自行车行业提交了相关的评论意见。希望欧方能够公正、客观地开展调查,不要以牺牲环境、欧盟上下游产业以及消费者的利益为代价,对相关产业提供过度的保护。密切跟踪案件的进展,高度关注欧盟在调查中的做法与世贸组织规则的一致性,将采取必要措施,坚决捍卫中国企业的正当权益。

总体来说,如果欧盟一旦裁定中国生产的电动自行车存在倾销行为,那么每一辆在欧盟成员国售卖的电动自行车都将要缴纳高额的反倾销税。

反倾销 电动自行车
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