汽车的性能好坏,与其动力的强弱分不开,汽车动力基本衡量的单位就是马力(匹),我们家用轿车的基本为80-150匹,最大时速在180-240km/h之间,那么,为什么电动车动力衡量的标准是瓦特(W),而不是匹呢?换算成匹数,800W家用电动车相当于多少匹马力,能提供多大的动力呢?
马力作为一个古老的单位,最早源自于英国的瓦特,公制中,1马力等于每秒钟把75公斤重的物体提高1米所作的功。注意这是公制的马力。1马力=75kg·m/s=735W,也就是800W电机的电动车可以输出1.1匹的马力。
我们平时使用最多的电动车电机功率也就是载400W-1000W也就是0.5PS-1.5PS之间,差异很小,如果用马力来计算的话,电动车动力分类就会显得很单一和粗糙。而且马力作为一个古老的动力单位,除了汽车和空调还在沿用之外,其余的电器都不用匹为单位来计算耗能了,而是直接用瓦特!
那么相当于1马力的800W电机能够提供多大的动力呢?
安装800W电机的电动车,加上电池和车身自重,一般在60公斤左右,再加上150斤的人,总重在135公斤左右,800W电机如果配的是60V20Ah的电池,正常情况下,800W最大时速可达50km/h,如果以时速20km/h行驶,负重135公斤情况下,可以连续爬100米的15度陡坡。
新国标以后,电动车开始分为电动自行车,电摩和轻便电摩三大类,主要划分的标准就是电机功率和时速,电机功率小于等于400W以下,时速不大于25km/h,千米的电动车则属于标准内的电动自行车,而电机功率在400W-800W之间,切时速低于50km/h为轻便电摩产品,而电机功率大于800W以上则算是电摩产品,目前主流的电摩产品功率在1500W-2000W之间,约合2-2.5匹之间。
此外,现在国内大部分超标车,功率大多在800-1000W之间,最高小牛N-GT高达3000W约4.5匹马力,如此强大的动力,已经远远满足我们基本的载重需求了,日常生活中400W-800W功率电机已经够用了。
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