污染与健康委员会调查结果显示污染每年造成约 900 万人死亡,占全球死亡人数的六分之一。交通污染则是造成这些死亡的重要原因,机动交通是城市二氧化氮和苯排放的最大来源,排气管排放的细颗粒物占城市地区的30% ,而且因为道路交通产生的噪音水平通常超过可接受的水平,也会对人类健康产生负面影响。

让更多的人骑自行车,特别是将他们的汽车换成自行车,可以提高空气质量,减少噪音污染,巴黎正在通过普及自行车与在整个城市安装监控器结合以识别违反城市噪音法规的行为来禁止噪音污染。

普及自行车还可以改善城市的宜居性和提高道路安全。欧洲各个城市都在实施 30 公里/小时的限速减缓机动车交通,减少了交通事故导致的死亡人数,例如在布鲁塞尔,自 30 公里/小时限速实施以来,交通事故死亡人数减少了 50% 。人们会感到更安全,也会更乐于骑自行车出行。

在今年3月,联合国大会一致通过了一项决议,敦促各国政府将自行车融入其交通系统,以确保可持续发展和减少交通排放。
欧洲自行车宣言
以比利时为首的六个欧盟国家在今年的世界自行车日上签署了《欧洲自行车宣言》,要求欧盟委员会制定“欧盟层面的行动计划”,用以优先考虑自行车运动。该宣言由奥地利、丹麦、爱尔兰、卢森堡和荷兰的交通部长共同签署,要求欧盟委员会根据 ECF 制定的欧盟自行车战略“制定和实施欧盟层面的自行车战略政策”。

增加整个欧盟自行车的模式份额
签署者敦促委员会制定一项战略,让他们能够利用现有的能力来增加欧洲自行车的模式份额,并扩大自行车规定的欧盟政策和资助工具。此外,他们希望委员会接受其他措施如自行车运输可以通过海运、汽车运输;他们希望欧盟统计局可以开发自行车知识和数据;并将自行车基础设施纳入跨欧洲交通网络项目和网络(TEN-T)。

此外,签署国的部长们要求宣布 2024 年为欧洲自行车年,以展示欧洲的文化遗产和作为全球自行车领导者的作用。
自行车运动的成功推动更多政策整合
自行车已逐渐被纳入越来越多的欧盟和国家交通政策当中。例如,欧盟委员会的新城市交通框架将自行车纳入突出位置,代表 TEN-T 城市节点的城市被要求必须在其可持续城市交通计划中增加自行车的模式份额。

《建筑能效指令》的拟议修订则要求住宅和非住宅建筑中建设更多的自行车停放点。此外,拟议中的社会气候基金会为购买或租赁自行车的欧洲人提供直接的财政援助。

数十个欧盟成员国已经采用了国家自行车战略,或正在制定这些战略。整个欧洲的城市都处于扩大自行车模式份额的最前沿,就像巴黎,得益于长期持续的政治领导和快速的基础设施发展,巴黎经历了显著的转变。在 COVID-19 大流行封锁期间安装临时自行车基础设施的大多数城市已经制定了自行车或出行策略,并能够迅速实施。

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